The rural areas of England and Wales are home to some twelve million people, many of whom experience the same social and economic pressures that are recognised among urban populations. These pressures include poverty, homelessness, unemployment, inadequate social and medical provision, alienation and prejudice. For the purposes of planning, stable buildings very rarely fall under an agricultural use, however they do fall within the definition of previously developed land. This is can also be an important consideration when considering proposals within the Green Belt such as this one. There are major green belts around the West Midlands conurbation, Manchester, Liverpool, and in South and West Yorkshire. This principle was established in 1955. Furthermore, green belts are growing still. Between 1979 and 1993 the green belt area designated in England doubled. Sustainable design excellence is always the priority for green belt developers and architects; they are keen to share their knowledge and practical application through all types of renovation and new build work as specialists in a professional team. Not all green buildings are – and need to be - the same. Different countries and regions have a variety of characteristics such as distinctive climatic conditions, unique cultures and traditions, diverse building types and ages, or wide-ranging environmental, economic and social priorities – all of which shape their approach to green building. Inside a Green Belt, except in very special circumstances, approval should not be given for the construction of new buildings. Only uses appropriate to a rural area such as agriculture, sport and cemeteries should be permitted. Nor should approval be given for a change of use of existing buildings except for residential use (subject to certain conditions).
Conscious that their approach to the built environment has a fundamental impact on our cultural heritage, designers of homes for the green belt endeavour to achieve the perfect marriage of the poetic and the practical. Only about 13% of the land area of England is actually designated as Green Belt, and there are some quite strict purposes for land to be designated as such. Many people think that Green Belt designation is designed as a means of preventing development taking place, or of directing development away from one location towards another. Green belt architects may have direct rights of access to instruct barristers to either provide advice for lawful use, other planning matters or advise on legal challenges, or represent clients at appeal. Green belt architects are experienced at working on both large and small projects and within larger development consultancy teams. They make constructive suggestions where they can, either to council planners or to the applicants and their professional advisers. An understanding of the challenges met by Net Zero Architect enhances the value of a project.
A Moving Target
Those wanting to carry out inappropriate development in an existing area of Green Belt should not abandon hope. Where other considerations cumulatively outweigh the harm to the Green Belt this can qualify as very special circumstances. A Green belt architect has extensive experience in dealing with listed buildings and development in conservation areas and advising individual Members and Planning Committees on matters of procedure, local government probity and the use of their decision-making powers. For buildings on the mission to achieving net-zero carbon, they will require outstanding levels of energy efficiency alongside zero-carbon electricity and heat supplies. Whether a green belt proposal is for the remodelling of an existing house or a mixed-use development, a viability appraisal can be a useful tool from the outset of a project. It is a standalone piece of work to evaluate whether there is scope for a scheme, or to inform a project's future. Building in the green belt on undeveloped green field sites is a very controversial and contentious issue. Population growth in the UK, the trend towards smaller family units and the demand for people to live at the edge of the city has put incredible pressure on the countryside surrounding all of our major cities. Can Green Belt Planning Loopholes solve the problems that are inherent in this situation?
Once Green Belts have been defined, local planning authorities should plan positively to enhance their beneficial use, such as looking for opportunities to provide access; to provide opportunities for outdoor sport and recreation; to retain and enhance landscapes, visual amenity and biodiversity; or to improve damaged and derelict land. Green buildings are not easily defined. Often known as 'sustainable buildings' or 'eco-homes', there is a range of opinion on what can be classed as a 'green'. However, it is generally agreed that green buildings are structures that are sited, designed, built, renovated and operated to energy efficient guidelines, and that they will have a positive environmental, economic and social impact over their life cycle. All buildings have meanings that are deeply enmeshed with their appearance. That can surely be taken as axiomatic. But that appearance is itself read differently at different times and to some extent depends on what we want to see, what our eye expects to have presented. Any replacement building in the green belt must be for the same use as the original and the Local Planning Authority are unlikely to support any applications for a change of use to residential purposes within a period of 10 years from its substantial completion. Here’s the interesting thing – a press release on 5 March 2018, from the Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG), from the Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG), emphasised that councils should prioritise brownfield sites for redevelopment. The release strongly suggested that Green Belt land should be prioritised at all costs to limit urban sprawl as much as possible. Research around New Forest National Park Planning remains patchy at times.
Vision Strategies
The Government must direct local councils to keep new housing development away from the Green Belt and instead to prioritise brownfield regeneration within major urban areas, even if this means a council does not meet its five-year housing supply goals. Arbitrary housebuilding targets generated by a centrally-imposed algorithm make no sense for areas constrained by Green Belt. The prominent or easily visible expansion of a building will detract more from the perceived openness of the Green Belt than would a more concealed or compact form of expansion. For example, the infilling of space between existing parts of the building, so that no further outward projection is involved, would often have no material effect on the perceived openness of the Green Belt. Any new agricultural or forestry building or structure in the green belt must be needed, designed and constructed only for agricultural or forestry purposes. This prevents the building of property which is intended to be converted (for example, into a home). Green Belt policy states that when defining boundaries local planning authorities should define these using physical features which are readily recognisable and likely to be permanent. A strong boundary makes a strong contribution to preventing sprawl compared to weaker boundary. Readily recognisable boundaries which are likely to be permanent include built features such as roads, railway lines and property enclosures, and landform features such as rivers and streams, woodland. Softer boundaries which lack durability might include field boundaries and tree lines. Although sustainable architecture is to be welcomed, it has sometimes come in for the criticism of ‘greenwashing’. In these cases, designers have overexaggerated environmental benefits. We should interrogate all “green” claims, and architects and contractors need to prepare to provide supporting data. Key design drivers for Architect London tend to change depending on the context.
Professional planning consultants understand what the Planning Inspectorate expects to see to help them make the right decision. As with every part of the planning process, it's best to do your research and get advice from the local authority if you're unsure about what you can do. Traditional architecture will need to transform itself into a sustainable branch. At the same time, institutions need to change laws and regulations to enable this kind of design and construction. A range of factors relating to impact on amenity, landscape character, biodiversity, accessibility, highway safety, parking, heritage, and the preservation of the best and most versatile agricultural land are likely to be material considerations in determining applications in the Green Belt. All green belt development proposals that may affect any designated or non- designated heritage asset will be required to explain and demonstrate, in a manner proportionate to the importance of the asset, an understanding of the significance of the heritage asset to establish its special character including its history, character, architectural style, past development and any archaeology. Architects that specialise in the green belt are at the forefront of low energy sustainable building design and have implemented a wide range of green technologies such as solar, bio-fuel, self-contained waste systems and reed bed filtration systems. A well-thought-out strategy appertaining to GreenBelt Land can offer leaps and bounds in improvements.
Green Infrastructure Approach
The Green Belt contains a number of individual or small groups of buildings, mostly historic agricultural or former industrial legacy buildings, which have the potential to be brought back into a beneficial use. However, if unsympathetically altered or extended then the openness of the surrounding Green Belt could be compromised. Working closely with either in-house team of planners or a client's external planning consultants, an urbanism team can test and assess competing sites as well as ascertain both the development potential of a site and the benefits to local communities in terms of the introduction of new and expanded services as well as new homes, employment development and infrastructure. Green belt architects provide expert, innovative and flexible advice to landowners, developers, community groups, businesses and rural enterprises with an interest in land and property. Their detailed knowledge of the planning and development industry and enthusiastic approach to achieve the best for their clients sets them apart from the competition. You can find more info on the topic of Green Belt Architects on this Wikipedia entry.
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